Sunday, November 30, 2008
Friday, November 21, 2008
Image Derby Spaceship Cars
inflated to DECEMBER THE INFLATED TIRE Hallac
Source: Latest News from November 14, 2008
Saturday, October 18, 2008
How Come My Stomach Get Bloated
Speech Roosevelt: First Inaugural Address
This is the speech given the day Franklin Roossevelt assumed, for the first time, the office of President of the United States is a very interesting speech and well worth reading. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
First Inaugural Address (if pressure can go to the website where the audio of the speech.)
[AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version Directly Below transcribed from audio. (2)]
President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends:
This is a day of national consecration. And I am Certain That on this day my fellow Americans expect on my induction That Into The Presidency, I will address Them with a candor and a decision Which the present situation of Our people impels.
This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.
So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.
In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.
And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.
Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.
True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.
Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.
Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.
Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.
Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This Nation is asking for action, and action now.
Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.
Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the Federal, the State, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.
We must act. We must act quickly.
And finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order. There must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments. There must be an end to speculation with other people's money. And there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.
These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new Congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 States.
Through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo. Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. I favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.
The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of America -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery. It is the immediate way. It is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.
In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this Nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.
If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we can not merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.
We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.
With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.
Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors. Our Constitution is so simple, so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form. That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.
It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.
I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.
But, in the event that the Congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.
For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time. I can do no less.
We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike. We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.
We do not distrust the -- the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it.
In this dedication -- In this dedication of a Nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.
May He protect each and every one of us.
May I guide me in the days to come.
This is the speech given the day Franklin Roossevelt assumed, for the first time, the office of President of the United States is a very interesting speech and well worth reading. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
First Inaugural Address (if pressure can go to the website where the audio of the speech.)
[AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version Directly Below transcribed from audio. (2)]
President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends:
This is a day of national consecration. And I am Certain That on this day my fellow Americans expect on my induction That Into The Presidency, I will address Them with a candor and a decision Which the present situation of Our people impels.
This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.
So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.
In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.
And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.
Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.
True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.
Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.
Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.
Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.
Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This Nation is asking for action, and action now.
Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.
Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the Federal, the State, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.
We must act. We must act quickly.
And finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order. There must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments. There must be an end to speculation with other people's money. And there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.
These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new Congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 States.
Through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo. Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. I favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.
The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of America -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery. It is the immediate way. It is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.
In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this Nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.
If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we can not merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.
We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.
With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.
Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors. Our Constitution is so simple, so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form. That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.
It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.
I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.
But, in the event that the Congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.
For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time. I can do no less.
We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike. We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.
We do not distrust the -- the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it.
In this dedication -- In this dedication of a Nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.
May He protect each and every one of us.
May I guide me in the days to come.
Sunday, October 5, 2008
Community Services Hours Templates
vegetables and vegetables give the pocket
22/06/2008
Vegetables and vegetables give the pocket
respirito
Caracas. In the past fortnight, the price of a good lot of fruits and vegetables has dropped precio.Entre they have the onion, potato, carrot and cassava. The first of these - in this períodobajo 12%, from average Bs 6425 (two weeks) to Bs 5,640 the kilo.El kilo of tomatoes has dropped 21% in two weeks, while prices of potato and carrot have fallen 6%. The strange thing is that during the rainy season prices of most vegetables tend to rise . "The onion is down, what happens is that there are a lot of harvest," said the seller of a market stall Guaicaipuro.Ahorro on the table. This low price is appropriate for the preparation of sauces, purees, soups, besides food, will be less costosas.Las sauces and purees can be frozen a few days later used to prepare pasta and other platos.Aceite reappears. This week again saw the cooking oil in several versions, in three supermercados visitados ayer por Últimas Noticias había aceite de varios tipos. En el central Madeirense vendían aceite vegetal, de soya y de maíz de dos marcas distintas; en Cada tenían aceite vegetal y de soya u en el Unicasa visitado había aceite vegetal, de canola y de maíz.En Mercal no había aceite y en los mercados municipales solo tenían la botellita de un cuarto de litro, que venden en Bs. 1.200, es decir, por encima del precio regulado.Proteínas en el limbo. En ninguno de los supermercados visitados ayer había huevo. En el mercado Guaicaipuro repartieron apenas 90 cajas para los tres puestos que venden el producto, a las 11:00 de la mañana se había acabado , a pesar que "vendimos medio cartón per person. The problem of meat and chicken remains. Only one of the supermarkets visited, each had whole chicken, while dispensing the Madeiran meat only. The city continues to sell chicken and beef, but with limitations. " I sold the carcass to Bs 9,500, "said a market trader Chacao, who stressed that I have to sell to Bs 17,000 for not losing." milk powder and pasteurized in all its presentations, continues to present serious problems of distribution. BACK
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Date Published: 22/06/2007Fuente: Latest NoticiasTema: food 
22/06/2008
Vegetables and vegetables give the pocket
respirito
Caracas. In the past fortnight, the price of a good lot of fruits and vegetables has dropped precio.Entre they have the onion, potato, carrot and cassava. The first of these - in this períodobajo 12%, from average Bs 6425 (two weeks) to Bs 5,640 the kilo.El kilo of tomatoes has dropped 21% in two weeks, while prices of potato and carrot have fallen 6%. The strange thing is that during the rainy season prices of most vegetables tend to rise . "The onion is down, what happens is that there are a lot of harvest," said the seller of a market stall Guaicaipuro.Ahorro on the table. This low price is appropriate for the preparation of sauces, purees, soups, besides food, will be less costosas.Las sauces and purees can be frozen a few days later used to prepare pasta and other platos.Aceite reappears. This week again saw the cooking oil in several versions, in three supermercados visitados ayer por Últimas Noticias había aceite de varios tipos. En el central Madeirense vendían aceite vegetal, de soya y de maíz de dos marcas distintas; en Cada tenían aceite vegetal y de soya u en el Unicasa visitado había aceite vegetal, de canola y de maíz.En Mercal no había aceite y en los mercados municipales solo tenían la botellita de un cuarto de litro, que venden en Bs. 1.200, es decir, por encima del precio regulado.Proteínas en el limbo. En ninguno de los supermercados visitados ayer había huevo. En el mercado Guaicaipuro repartieron apenas 90 cajas para los tres puestos que venden el producto, a las 11:00 de la mañana se había acabado , a pesar que "vendimos medio cartón per person. The problem of meat and chicken remains. Only one of the supermarkets visited, each had whole chicken, while dispensing the Madeiran meat only. The city continues to sell chicken and beef, but with limitations. " I sold the carcass to Bs 9,500, "said a market trader Chacao, who stressed that I have to sell to Bs 17,000 for not losing." milk powder and pasteurized in all its presentations, continues to present serious problems of distribution. BACK
window.google_render_ad ();
Date Published: 22/06/2007Fuente: Latest NoticiasTema: food
Sunday, September 21, 2008
Programming Motorola Remote For Star Choice
Editorial of The Economist
Interesting editorial in The Economist published in El Comercio . The coming years should be years of study on who were the culprits (banks, consumers, regulators, etc.), How to avoid falling back into these situations, what the sanctions to take against the culprits, the cost overall crisis management. (...)
Interesting editorial in The Economist published in El Comercio . The coming years should be years of study on who were the culprits (banks, consumers, regulators, etc.), How to avoid falling back into these situations, what the sanctions to take against the culprits, the cost overall crisis management. (...)
WITHOUT SUPPORT CENTER
Therefore, governments will be the only buyers in the environment [of bad assets from financial companies in trouble]. If necessary, they should create a special fund to manage and dispose of bad assets. But do not underestimate the cost of the bailouts, even those that are needed. Nobody wanted to buy Lehman unless the Government offered the type of warranty provided JPMorgan Chase to rescue Bear Stearns. The nationalization was gone for good reasons that the shareholders of both Fannie and Freddie have become much more risky for other investors to put fresh capital into troubled banks. The only recapitalization prudent under the circumstances is a total purchase, preferably by a commercial bank backed by deposits, which are insured by the Government, as did Bank of America and Merrill Lynch, Lloyds and HBOS and, possibly, Wachovia with Morgan Stanley. The bigger the bank, the more difficult the operation. But each rescue encourages investors to be reckless and do not worry about the solvency of those with whom it negotiates. And therefore, encourages future excesses.
Despite all it costs the rescue of an institution, the cost to the economy of a bankruptcy can sometimes be higher. If finance shrinks, credit will be sucked out of the economy and bad credit people can not buy houses, run companies or investing in your future. So far the U.S. economy has remained. Hope is that the housing slump is coming to an end and that countries like China and India will continue to thrive. Recent declines in the price of oil and other commodities give central banks scope to cut interest rates, as China did this week.
But there is also a dark side. U.S. Unemployment increased to 6.1% in August and is likely to rise further. Industrial production fell 1.1% last month, and annual variation in retail sales is the weakest since the aftermath of the 2001 recession. Production is falling in Japan, Germany, Spain and Britain, and is barely positive in other countries. The prices of houses in the middle of the 20 countries making up the index property of "The Economist" also are falling. Currencies, stocks and bonds of emerging economies have also been abused, as investors no longer believe that these achievements separated from the problems of rich countries.
Unless the economic policy makers unforgivable mistakes, like leaving institutions falling systemic risk or keep monetary policy too tight, there would be no reason for the misery of today will become a new 'great depression'. A long-term concern will be the inevitable tendency to try regulate modern finance into submission completely. Although understandable, this desire is wrong and dangerous, and the colossal success of commerce in emerging countries shows us all what you might lose it. Finance is the brain of the economy. Despite all its excesses, they allocate resources where they are most productive, in a vastly more efficient than any central planner.
Regulation is necessary and there are some improvements to the financial sector. However, the regulation must be right: to end the fragmentation in the monitoring system in the U.S., more transparent, flexible capital requirements to offset booms and busts; supervision of giants like AIG are too large and interconnected to fail; accounting that values \u200b\u200brisks better, markets and clearing houses to make sure and clear derivatives.
All this would count as progress. But a naive faith in the power of regulators creates ruinous false security. Financiers know more than regulators and that they have more weight when growth. Banks can take advantage of the inevitable blind spots of regulation, such as hiding assets off their balance sheets or use insurance as providing AIG, which allowed them to increase their profits by reducing the capital required by the regulator. It is no coincidence that both schemes are at the heart of the current crisis.
This is a black week. Those of us who support financial capitalism are open to the charge that the system, which we have argued, has simply served for some crooks to get rich. However, financial capitalism helped produce healthy economic growth and low inflation for a generation. It would take a brutal recession to cancel all those achievements. Do not forget that in the debate ahead.
Despite all it costs the rescue of an institution, the cost to the economy of a bankruptcy can sometimes be higher. If finance shrinks, credit will be sucked out of the economy and bad credit people can not buy houses, run companies or investing in your future. So far the U.S. economy has remained. Hope is that the housing slump is coming to an end and that countries like China and India will continue to thrive. Recent declines in the price of oil and other commodities give central banks scope to cut interest rates, as China did this week.
But there is also a dark side. U.S. Unemployment increased to 6.1% in August and is likely to rise further. Industrial production fell 1.1% last month, and annual variation in retail sales is the weakest since the aftermath of the 2001 recession. Production is falling in Japan, Germany, Spain and Britain, and is barely positive in other countries. The prices of houses in the middle of the 20 countries making up the index property of "The Economist" also are falling. Currencies, stocks and bonds of emerging economies have also been abused, as investors no longer believe that these achievements separated from the problems of rich countries.
Unless the economic policy makers unforgivable mistakes, like leaving institutions falling systemic risk or keep monetary policy too tight, there would be no reason for the misery of today will become a new 'great depression'. A long-term concern will be the inevitable tendency to try regulate modern finance into submission completely. Although understandable, this desire is wrong and dangerous, and the colossal success of commerce in emerging countries shows us all what you might lose it. Finance is the brain of the economy. Despite all its excesses, they allocate resources where they are most productive, in a vastly more efficient than any central planner.
Regulation is necessary and there are some improvements to the financial sector. However, the regulation must be right: to end the fragmentation in the monitoring system in the U.S., more transparent, flexible capital requirements to offset booms and busts; supervision of giants like AIG are too large and interconnected to fail; accounting that values \u200b\u200brisks better, markets and clearing houses to make sure and clear derivatives.
All this would count as progress. But a naive faith in the power of regulators creates ruinous false security. Financiers know more than regulators and that they have more weight when growth. Banks can take advantage of the inevitable blind spots of regulation, such as hiding assets off their balance sheets or use insurance as providing AIG, which allowed them to increase their profits by reducing the capital required by the regulator. It is no coincidence that both schemes are at the heart of the current crisis.
This is a black week. Those of us who support financial capitalism are open to the charge that the system, which we have argued, has simply served for some crooks to get rich. However, financial capitalism helped produce healthy economic growth and low inflation for a generation. It would take a brutal recession to cancel all those achievements. Do not forget that in the debate ahead.
Saturday, September 20, 2008
What Would Wear To Military Retired Cermoney
The U.S. financial crisis. UU. and its impact on the role of state and market in the functioning of the economy
In recent weeks, the mortgage crisis and, in general, the States' financial system U.S. has questioned the role of free market operation, the role of state intervention in the economy (the type of intervention, their boundaries and responsibilities and penalties for operators and consumers in this serious crisis.) Just as the crisis of 29 led to the New Deal, some stating that this crisis would have similar effects on the role of state and market in the economy. Will have to see it.
- Three trillion tucked system: Digital Pen taken
The head of the Wall Street Journal, half free-market, is expressed in favor of mega-intervention, the critics are against (the crisis are healthy, the government should not intervene, the government's money being paid by the taxpayers, do not because the people on foot). By the way, PPK is the mega-intervention, "it remains to save the house that is qemando, others are made to discuss whether the architectural design was wrong or not."
Analysis of Chicago professor Luigi Zingales
(...) The Decisions That Will Be made this weekend matter Not just to the prospects of the U.S. economy in the year to come, They will shape the type of capitalism we will live in for the next fifty years. Do we want to live in a system where profits are private, but losses are socialized? Where taxpayer money is used to prop up failed firms? Or do we want to live in a system where people are held responsible for their decisions, where imprudent behavior is penalized and prudent behavior rewarded? For somebody like me who believes strongly in the free market system, the most serious risk of the current situation is that the interest of few financiers will undermine the fundamental workings of the capitalist system. The time has come to save capitalism from the capitalists.
Comentarios Lapicero Digital
Capitalism in the mirror. By Felipe Gonzalez. Former English Prime Minister
(...) It is a strange crisis, even to react with little coherence. For the time has settled the widespread belief that the market will fix everything and alone. Uploaded (...) full of paradoxes and contradictions of the situation we find ourselves, we ask for policy makers not to interfere, not regulate, to stop freedom to markets, to seek to fix the outrages to which lead, even when the crisis, its causes and consequences, is beyond its powers and local-national capabilities.
Fall of Lehman Brothers caused crisis of global dimensions
U.S. says goodbye to the free market
EDF give U.S. $ 90 billion to save insurance
Rescue Plan Seeks $ 700 Billion to Buy Bad Mortgages
In recent weeks, the mortgage crisis and, in general, the States' financial system U.S. has questioned the role of free market operation, the role of state intervention in the economy (the type of intervention, their boundaries and responsibilities and penalties for operators and consumers in this serious crisis.) Just as the crisis of 29 led to the New Deal, some stating that this crisis would have similar effects on the role of state and market in the economy. Will have to see it.
Here are some interesting links and some news about the magnitude of the crisis.
- Three trillion tucked system: Digital Pen taken
The head of the Wall Street Journal, half free-market, is expressed in favor of mega-intervention, the critics are against (the crisis are healthy, the government should not intervene, the government's money being paid by the taxpayers, do not because the people on foot). By the way, PPK is the mega-intervention, "it remains to save the house that is qemando, others are made to discuss whether the architectural design was wrong or not."
Analysis of Chicago professor Luigi Zingales
(...) The Decisions That Will Be made this weekend matter Not just to the prospects of the U.S. economy in the year to come, They will shape the type of capitalism we will live in for the next fifty years. Do we want to live in a system where profits are private, but losses are socialized? Where taxpayer money is used to prop up failed firms? Or do we want to live in a system where people are held responsible for their decisions, where imprudent behavior is penalized and prudent behavior rewarded? For somebody like me who believes strongly in the free market system, the most serious risk of the current situation is that the interest of few financiers will undermine the fundamental workings of the capitalist system. The time has come to save capitalism from the capitalists.
Comentarios Lapicero Digital
Crisis financiera: ¿y si no intervenían? Por Silvio Rendon
Capitalism in the mirror. By Felipe Gonzalez. Former English Prime Minister
(...) It is a strange crisis, even to react with little coherence. For the time has settled the widespread belief that the market will fix everything and alone. Uploaded (...) full of paradoxes and contradictions of the situation we find ourselves, we ask for policy makers not to interfere, not regulate, to stop freedom to markets, to seek to fix the outrages to which lead, even when the crisis, its causes and consequences, is beyond its powers and local-national capabilities.
Fall of Lehman Brothers caused crisis of global dimensions
U.S. says goodbye to the free market
EDF give U.S. $ 90 billion to save insurance
Rescue Plan Seeks $ 700 Billion to Buy Bad Mortgages
Wednesday, September 3, 2008
How To Reset The Suitcase Lockvip
public transport and accidents
Public transport has become a major public policy issues in the country. Given the large number of accidents on the roads, the Government has created the Zero Tolerance program. To evaluate its effectiveness, we should see the figures before and after the program agenda. It should also be compared with other policies that could be implemented in order to assess whether it is really effective in relation to other policies.
Here are some links where you can see figures and information on the subject:
http://www.cidatt.com.pe/accidentesnacional.htm
http://www.cidatt.com.pe/Accidentes % 20a% 20Nivel% 20Nacional-2008.xls # frame1! Print_Area
http://www.cidatt.com.pe/Accidentes % 20a% 20Nivel% 20Nacional-2008.xls # frame1! Print_Area
One aspect to evaluate in the long term is to see what were the causes of serious problems seen in provincial and urban transport.
ever hear that building more tracks in Lima was not going to fix the problem of trafficking, as Lima had the same number of vehicles to other major cities (London), however, these cities did not have the traffic that was Lima. The big problem was to do with vans and taxis. And then there is a huge political problem. In part, it seems that the problem originated technical reviews that there was no political will to remove from circulation all vehicles not meeting the standards set for move (We're not giving our opinion on the technical reviews are a good means to improve the vehicle fleet.) Here
copy an article by Professor Juan Francisco Rojas on the subject Public transport:
The market "perfect" intercity passenger transport
Juan Francisco Rojas
Economics argues that the optimal allocation occurs when involving many suppliers and buyers, market access is free, no actor can influence prices, the formation of these is the result of the free action of supply and demand, the product is homogeneous and there is no information asymmetry. A theoretical model is called "perfect competition" and in reality there is only one ideological vacuum.
Incredibly, the intercity passenger market, we have come closer to the model in a close to the textbook. There are many vendors of the service: "combis", "barges", "micro" and "possible" and there are also many purchasers of the service: all users suffered. Access the activity is free, so free it is enough to enter a path or change the travel of the same at sole discretion of the driver when there are not many customers. The price is the result of supply and demand, set by the market. The service is the same, ie homogeneous in deplorable condition. The information is almost perfect: every user knows that the board one of these vehicles, his life is at risk.
curious thing about this is that the more we approach the model more deplorable is the social service and the most dramatic loss. Fuel consumption is excessive and the use of tracks by a large number of vehicles has led to saturation and quality control of environmental protection are not met, the usual consumer abuse, even as no surprise, the urban accidents with serious damages are multiplied, in general, the cost is greater than any benefit that might exist in a system with these characteristics.
training service price is another problem. Whenever up by rising costs of fuel and other inputs, such carriers can not pass up the price of urban passage. The consumer might think this is good because the price is maintained. However, this increased cost is moved to a diminished quality of service and vehicle maintenance, which, ultimately, it hurts badly. The carrier does not generate the resources for the renewal of the fleet unit and the service displays a frightening age. The one who wins with this is the government in power, as inflation does not increase, it is not dented his popularity, and even their body launches competition to prevent an alleged "consensus."
What happens to us? Is this what we want in this market and others? Is there not other ways to solve these problems? Unfortunately, broadcasters argue market system since the nineties, which does not require public goods that only the state can provide (legislation, regulation, oversight, planning, etc..). Conceptual myopia is such that the State thinks that eliminating all problems are solved through the magic of the market "perfect."
The reality is that there are economic activities which require strong government action and where the absence of state is result of greater social harm. Hopefully not to act desperately as we did with "zero tolerance" interprovincial transport, when accidents in the city we all raise awareness about the existence of a serious problem in this daily essential service.
Juan Francisco Rojas
Economics argues that the optimal allocation occurs when involving many suppliers and buyers, market access is free, no actor can influence prices, the formation of these is the result of the free action of supply and demand, the product is homogeneous and there is no information asymmetry. A theoretical model is called "perfect competition" and in reality there is only one ideological vacuum.
Incredibly, the intercity passenger market, we have come closer to the model in a close to the textbook. There are many vendors of the service: "combis", "barges", "micro" and "possible" and there are also many purchasers of the service: all users suffered. Access the activity is free, so free it is enough to enter a path or change the travel of the same at sole discretion of the driver when there are not many customers. The price is the result of supply and demand, set by the market. The service is the same, ie homogeneous in deplorable condition. The information is almost perfect: every user knows that the board one of these vehicles, his life is at risk.
curious thing about this is that the more we approach the model more deplorable is the social service and the most dramatic loss. Fuel consumption is excessive and the use of tracks by a large number of vehicles has led to saturation and quality control of environmental protection are not met, the usual consumer abuse, even as no surprise, the urban accidents with serious damages are multiplied, in general, the cost is greater than any benefit that might exist in a system with these characteristics.
training service price is another problem. Whenever up by rising costs of fuel and other inputs, such carriers can not pass up the price of urban passage. The consumer might think this is good because the price is maintained. However, this increased cost is moved to a diminished quality of service and vehicle maintenance, which, ultimately, it hurts badly. The carrier does not generate the resources for the renewal of the fleet unit and the service displays a frightening age. The one who wins with this is the government in power, as inflation does not increase, it is not dented his popularity, and even their body launches competition to prevent an alleged "consensus."
What happens to us? Is this what we want in this market and others? Is there not other ways to solve these problems? Unfortunately, broadcasters argue market system since the nineties, which does not require public goods that only the state can provide (legislation, regulation, oversight, planning, etc..). Conceptual myopia is such that the State thinks that eliminating all problems are solved through the magic of the market "perfect."
The reality is that there are economic activities which require strong government action and where the absence of state is result of greater social harm. Hopefully not to act desperately as we did with "zero tolerance" interprovincial transport, when accidents in the city we all raise awareness about the existence of a serious problem in this daily essential service.
From: Peru's economic news
is clear that public transport is an activity that must be regulated by the large number of externalities that arise for citizens. Now the question is to design regulation to improve transport. Here are some proposals that have emerged in public debate: Is the construction
more clues?
technical reviews "?
concession "to deliver transport routes?
"licenses for taxi drivers?
"test for drivers and conductors of public transport?
does the construction of a subway or light rail continued?
"increases the penalties in case of accidents?
Each of these proposals should be analyzed according to the actors who will be at stake in each of the regulatory and institutional framework that will effect the introduction of these reforms.
can also see the following links:
http://grancomboclub.blogspot.com/2008/07/lima-el-desborde-vuelve-su-cauce.html
http://www.haloscan.com/comments / silviore/3594944657530602146 /
http://www.haloscan.com/comments / silviore/3594944657530602146 /
Tuesday, September 2, 2008
Using My Daughters Knickers
probalística test: the case of the blue bus
Blue Bus (here the case in its original language)
P is run, because of the driver on the road by a blue bus. P can show that the D company operates 80% of all blue buses using the route in which he was hit. What is the effect, if any, of this test? (1)
1. Would you change your analysis if the company will operate 99% D of blue buses running along the route where he was run over P?
2. What is the difference between the degree of certainty that provides DNA testing and evidence presented by P?
Taken and adapted from Green, Nesson & Murray: Evidence
1. This problem is based on Tribe, Trial by Mathematics: Precision and ritual in the judicial process, 84 HARV. L. Rev. 1329, 1341 (1971).
P is run, because of the driver on the road by a blue bus. P can show that the D company operates 80% of all blue buses using the route in which he was hit. What is the effect, if any, of this test? (1)
1. Would you change your analysis if the company will operate 99% D of blue buses running along the route where he was run over P?
2. What is the difference between the degree of certainty that provides DNA testing and evidence presented by P?
Taken and adapted from Green, Nesson & Murray: Evidence
1. This problem is based on Tribe, Trial by Mathematics: Precision and ritual in the judicial process, 84 HARV. L. Rev. 1329, 1341 (1971).
Saturday, August 30, 2008
White Smelly Discharge From Clitoras
Does the right can be a science, empirically testable hypotheses and method scientific study?
In an interesting article Thomas Ulen proposes the following: "The right can be a science, empirically testable hypotheses and scientific method of study?
From my point of view, yes, and morally, it should be. For example, the law of proof (evidence) is greatly enriched with a scientifically based methodology that allows us to investigate and prove. I consider the theoretical study of what are the best means to prove the truth of a fact does not depend on each country. This must be the same in all countries. However, each State may establish the limits under which they may conduct investigations and to demonstrate the truth of a fact, but a different theme, which borders more with the policy and, perhaps, moral philosophy.
From my point of view, yes, and morally, it should be. For example, the law of proof (evidence) is greatly enriched with a scientifically based methodology that allows us to investigate and prove. I consider the theoretical study of what are the best means to prove the truth of a fact does not depend on each country. This must be the same in all countries. However, each State may establish the limits under which they may conduct investigations and to demonstrate the truth of a fact, but a different theme, which borders more with the policy and, perhaps, moral philosophy.
On the other hand, it must be recognized if you can set certain criteria for determining whether a particular idea has been a contribution to the law, either for its innovation, it allows us to better understand the operation of law, among other criteria. For example, few would doubt that the Constitutional Courts whose idea came from Kelsen is not a great idea. Also on the pyramid Kelsen and legal sources.
Other great ideas are:
(i) the fuzzy control and its popularization by the Judge Marshall
(ii) the criteria established by Calabresi to evaluate the performance of the tort system;
(iii) and Wigmore chart method for evaluating evidence of a case is really a scientific attempt to assess the evidence for a case, which allows to rationalize and objectify the analysis of the facts and evidence in a case. Twinning in this area would improve it and make it more affordable to common lawyers.
(iv) Alchourron and Bulygin for his book of legal logic is really special and meant a real advance in a more methodical and scientific study of law.
can be a lot more, but these are the ones that come to mind.
This is the article Ulen: Nobel Prize in Legal Science: Theory, Empirical Work, and the Scientific Method in the Study of Law
Will there ever a Nobel Prize in law? I use this question as a framework for discussing the current state of legal doctrine and its tendency to become more scientific. I discuss the meaning of the term "science" and the scientific method to summarize the various theories that have developed over time to verify, modify or reject the scientific paradigms. Next, I examine whether the study of law is a science. All sciences share a core belief about it class of phenomena and agree on methods to establish the validity of claims about these phenomena. This allows the study of crime and the spread of information about the field of legal phenomena.
Most scholars believe that this description of science does not apply and, more importantly, could not apply the law. On the contrary, they argue that their field of study is inherently local, both by geography and subject. Therefore, an academic who studies the liability regime in Moldova believe that the study of the system should be completely different from the tort system de Laos.
y aquí continúa el abstract en inglés:
I make three claims. First, I argue that there is no inherent reason why law cannot be scientific. There is no inherent reason within law why there cannot be a transnational theoretical core about, say, tort liability of which each particular jurisdiction's instantiation is but an example. I draw the analogy to economics in which there is a single microeconomic theory of individual and group decisionmaking that instantiates into different national and regional economies, as dictated by different histories, social and governmental organization, resource endowments, and personal and group preferences. Second, I argue that law seems to be in the process of developing a transnational theory of organizations, consensual agreements, liability regimes, and more and that law and economics is currently (but not necessarily) the source of that theoretical core. I give examples of four empirical studies of legal issues that illustrate these trends. The astonishing aspect of the first three of these studies is that although they make empirical claims that question widely held beliefs about what the law in action really is, there has been no apparent alteration in what we teach law students in response to these empirical claims. By contrast, the response to Professor Ellickson's remarkable empirical study of the Coase Theorem in Shasta County, California, has been a dramatic alteration in the profession's belief about the Coase Theorem and the centrality of law in affecting behavior - precisely the reaction one would expect in a science in which theory and empirical work are cognizant of and responsive to one another. Third, I believe that this trend toward a more scientific study of law has been greatly spurred by law and economics, whose impact on legal scholarship has been profound in the United States, if not elsewhere.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=419823
Will there ever a Nobel Prize in law? I use this question as a framework for discussing the current state of legal doctrine and its tendency to become more scientific. I discuss the meaning of the term "science" and the scientific method to summarize the various theories that have developed over time to verify, modify or reject the scientific paradigms. Next, I examine whether the study of law is a science. All sciences share a core belief about it class of phenomena and agree on methods to establish the validity of claims about these phenomena. This allows the study of crime and the spread of information about the field of legal phenomena.
Most scholars believe that this description of science does not apply and, more importantly, could not apply the law. On the contrary, they argue that their field of study is inherently local, both by geography and subject. Therefore, an academic who studies the liability regime in Moldova believe that the study of the system should be completely different from the tort system de Laos.
y aquí continúa el abstract en inglés:
I make three claims. First, I argue that there is no inherent reason why law cannot be scientific. There is no inherent reason within law why there cannot be a transnational theoretical core about, say, tort liability of which each particular jurisdiction's instantiation is but an example. I draw the analogy to economics in which there is a single microeconomic theory of individual and group decisionmaking that instantiates into different national and regional economies, as dictated by different histories, social and governmental organization, resource endowments, and personal and group preferences. Second, I argue that law seems to be in the process of developing a transnational theory of organizations, consensual agreements, liability regimes, and more and that law and economics is currently (but not necessarily) the source of that theoretical core. I give examples of four empirical studies of legal issues that illustrate these trends. The astonishing aspect of the first three of these studies is that although they make empirical claims that question widely held beliefs about what the law in action really is, there has been no apparent alteration in what we teach law students in response to these empirical claims. By contrast, the response to Professor Ellickson's remarkable empirical study of the Coase Theorem in Shasta County, California, has been a dramatic alteration in the profession's belief about the Coase Theorem and the centrality of law in affecting behavior - precisely the reaction one would expect in a science in which theory and empirical work are cognizant of and responsive to one another. Third, I believe that this trend toward a more scientific study of law has been greatly spurred by law and economics, whose impact on legal scholarship has been profound in the United States, if not elsewhere.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=419823
También ver los siguientes links:
http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/10/09/should-there-be-a-nobel-prize-in-law/
http://saberderecho.blogspot.com/2007/10/en-torno-la-idea-de-un-premio-nobel-de.html
http://saberderecho.blogspot.com/2007/10/en-torno-la-idea-de-un-premio-nobel-de.html
Sunday, August 17, 2008
Hiv Antibody Testing After 7,5 Weeks
The slippery slope argument Indecopi
The first three cases are clear examples of the fallacy of the slippery slope, 4 and 5 seems like a good use of this argument, while 6 I think the argument is vitiated by the fallacy slippery although it may be debatable.
http://www.geocities.com/ateologia2001/falacias1.html # pendienteresbaladiza
1. "If marijuana were legalized, everyone would try it and then begin to engage with hard drugs, and before long we would have a society of addicts."
http://perso.wanadoo.es/usoderazonweb/html/conten/arca/listado/pend.htm
2. Any cuts in health care may seem banal, but it is very dangerous. Small cuts open the door to major cuts and eventually the abolition of free health care. If we prevent this trend, the Government shall be construed as a knowing wink to end the public health system.
http://www.fallacyfiles.org/slipslop.html
3. If today you CAN take a thing like evolution and make it a crime to teach it in the public school, tomorrow you CAN make it a crime to teach it in the private schools, and the next year you CAN make it a crime to teach it to the hustings or in the church. At the next session you may ban books and the newspapers. Soon you may set Catholic against Protestant and Protestant against Protestant, and try to foist your own religion upon the minds of men. If you can do one you can do the other. Ignorance and fanaticism is ever busy and needs feeding. Always it is feeding and gloating for more. Today it is the public school teachers, tomorrow the private. The next day the preachers and the lectures, the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After [a]while, your honor, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until with flying banners and beating drums we are marching backward to the glorious ages of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted fagots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.
Source: Clarence Darrow, The Scopes Trial , Day 2 . Clarence Darrow was the best advocate of all-time U.S.. UU., And the scope monkey trial is one of the most famous of all time in the U.S.. UU.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendiente_resbaladiza
4. A "slippery slope" common policy is the negoción with terrorists. The argument is that if the government negotiates with terrorists, then the government recognizes that the terrorist group has power, terrorism would be seen as a method that produces results and therefore be more prevalent as a way to win power and force governments to grant claims. This argument is reasonable, but to be valid must be backed by supporting evidence regarding the assumptions made. Similarly, decisions should be considered in terms of the consequences of legal precedents created, and foreign policy decisions in terms of the effect on credibility.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2005/schelling-lecture.html
An Astonishing Sixty Years: The Legacy of Hiroshima
5. If you allow the use of the atomic bomb, it opens Pandora's box and anything could happen. As probably the world's destruction is assured. Therefore, no nuclear state has seriously considered using it.
This is the argument put forward by Thomas Schelling on why nuclear states have not used the bomb after Hiroshima. According to him, this is the reason why the U.S. never thought to use the atomic bomb in Vietnam and the Soviets in Afghanistan.
used by Gonzalo Gamio argument for not allowing torture in exceptional circumstances
http://gonzalogamio.blogspot.com/2008/07/gonzalo-gamio-gehri-hace-unos-meses.html
6. If allowed the use of torture in situations of war or serious attacks, states could use in normal situations, which end up debasing the State.
http://www.geocities.com/ateologia2001/falacias1.html # pendienteresbaladiza
1. "If marijuana were legalized, everyone would try it and then begin to engage with hard drugs, and before long we would have a society of addicts."
http://perso.wanadoo.es/usoderazonweb/html/conten/arca/listado/pend.htm
2. Any cuts in health care may seem banal, but it is very dangerous. Small cuts open the door to major cuts and eventually the abolition of free health care. If we prevent this trend, the Government shall be construed as a knowing wink to end the public health system.
http://www.fallacyfiles.org/slipslop.html
3. If today you CAN take a thing like evolution and make it a crime to teach it in the public school, tomorrow you CAN make it a crime to teach it in the private schools, and the next year you CAN make it a crime to teach it to the hustings or in the church. At the next session you may ban books and the newspapers. Soon you may set Catholic against Protestant and Protestant against Protestant, and try to foist your own religion upon the minds of men. If you can do one you can do the other. Ignorance and fanaticism is ever busy and needs feeding. Always it is feeding and gloating for more. Today it is the public school teachers, tomorrow the private. The next day the preachers and the lectures, the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After [a]while, your honor, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until with flying banners and beating drums we are marching backward to the glorious ages of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted fagots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.
Source: Clarence Darrow, The Scopes Trial , Day 2 . Clarence Darrow was the best advocate of all-time U.S.. UU., And the scope monkey trial is one of the most famous of all time in the U.S.. UU.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendiente_resbaladiza
4. A "slippery slope" common policy is the negoción with terrorists. The argument is that if the government negotiates with terrorists, then the government recognizes that the terrorist group has power, terrorism would be seen as a method that produces results and therefore be more prevalent as a way to win power and force governments to grant claims. This argument is reasonable, but to be valid must be backed by supporting evidence regarding the assumptions made. Similarly, decisions should be considered in terms of the consequences of legal precedents created, and foreign policy decisions in terms of the effect on credibility.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2005/schelling-lecture.html
An Astonishing Sixty Years: The Legacy of Hiroshima
5. If you allow the use of the atomic bomb, it opens Pandora's box and anything could happen. As probably the world's destruction is assured. Therefore, no nuclear state has seriously considered using it.
This is the argument put forward by Thomas Schelling on why nuclear states have not used the bomb after Hiroshima. According to him, this is the reason why the U.S. never thought to use the atomic bomb in Vietnam and the Soviets in Afghanistan.
used by Gonzalo Gamio argument for not allowing torture in exceptional circumstances
http://gonzalogamio.blogspot.com/2008/07/gonzalo-gamio-gehri-hace-unos-meses.html
6. If allowed the use of torture in situations of war or serious attacks, states could use in normal situations, which end up debasing the State.
Wednesday, August 13, 2008
4 Year Old With Headache
The power to issue remedial measures: the case
This article is published in the Journal of Competition and Intellectual Property Indecopi (Year 3-Number 5 - Spring 2007). If in case you're interested, here is the link to the full article:
http://www.indecopi.gob.pe/ArchivosPortal/boletines/recompi/castellano/articulos/primavera2007/HIGA.pdf
The purpose of this paper is to analyze, using tools from of logic and argumentation theory, the reasoning in the Court Constitu-tion that recognizes the power of INDECOPI to issue additional measures in cases of infringement of the rules of free competition, which was issued in File No. 1963-2006-PA/TC (Case Dino).
I. Background
the case under the Constitutional Court ruling under which it recognizes the power of INDECOPI to impose additional measures has its origin in the complaint for alleged abuse of dominant position in the forms of price discrimination and tied sales in the distribution market of cement and other materials construction, submit Deposits Santa Beatriz SRL (hereinafter, Santa Beatriz) to the Competition Commission against the company INDECOPI Distribuidora Norte Pacasmayo SRL2 (hereinafter, Dino) on January 16, 2001. Santa Beatriz
reported that Dino cement offered S /. 13.97 for cement type 1 and S /. 13.85 1Co/MS for cement type, while the price for firms affiliated to the network of sub-distributors of Dino was S /. 13.70 for cement type 1 and S /. 13.57 1Co/MS3 for cement type. According to Santa Beatriz, the price differential was an abuse of dominant position in the market in the form of discrimination, since no justification because his company purchased cement volumes greater than those obtained by members, and, moreover, to make the payment in advance, unlike the member companies who enjoyed a loan to five days.
Also, Santa Beatriz said the contract of affiliation with the network of sub-distributors of Dino containing an obligation by which member companies had to provide, in addition to cement, construction materials, solely from this company, which constitute an abuse of dominant position in the market in the form of tied sales.
By Resolution No. 006-2005-INDECOPI/CLC, the Commission Free Competition declared unfounded the complaint lodged by the companies Deposits Santa Beatriz SRL, Eleodoro EIRL and Commercial Quiroga Quiroga Ramos SRL That decision was appealed to the Board of Competition of INDECOPI second administrative level.
The Board of Competition, by Resolution No. 0256-2006/TDC-INDECOPI, revoked Resolution No. 006-2005-INDECOPI/CLC and upheld the complaint against Dino for abuse of dominant position and ordered as an additional measure "immediate and definitive cessation of the acts constituting abuse of dominant position in the market (...)".
In light of that ruling, the April 5, 2005, Salvador Hardware SRL (hereinafter, the Hardware) lodged an appeal against the INDECOPI grounds that it violated his right to due process, freedom of private initiative , free enterprise and free contract.
Main Hardware arguments were:
• The mandate of INDECOPI meant nullifying the performance contract was signed with Dino, which violated his constitutional right to free employment;
• INDECOPI had no power to declare a contract invalid, as this can only be declared by the judiciary;
• Indecopi had also committed a violation of his right to due process because the procedure has never been located, although the decision of this condition affected his status.
The Constitutional Court ruled unfounded by stating the request for defense in its entirety noting that: (i) the INDECOPI if he had authority to issue fines up action, and (ii) had not violated the right to due process of the Hardware.
This paper will focus on analyzing the reasons that the Constitutional Court used to support the first point of delivery; ie, to analyze, using logical tools and the theory of argumentation, reasoning adopted by the Constitutional Court to justify its ruling relating to the INDECOPI did have power to issue measures. In our analysis we will follow the outline of the Constitutional Court.
http://www.indecopi.gob.pe/ArchivosPortal/boletines/recompi/castellano/articulos/primavera2007/HIGA.pdf
The purpose of this paper is to analyze, using tools from of logic and argumentation theory, the reasoning in the Court Constitu-tion that recognizes the power of INDECOPI to issue additional measures in cases of infringement of the rules of free competition, which was issued in File No. 1963-2006-PA/TC (Case Dino).
I. Background
the case under the Constitutional Court ruling under which it recognizes the power of INDECOPI to impose additional measures has its origin in the complaint for alleged abuse of dominant position in the forms of price discrimination and tied sales in the distribution market of cement and other materials construction, submit Deposits Santa Beatriz SRL (hereinafter, Santa Beatriz) to the Competition Commission against the company INDECOPI Distribuidora Norte Pacasmayo SRL2 (hereinafter, Dino) on January 16, 2001. Santa Beatriz
reported that Dino cement offered S /. 13.97 for cement type 1 and S /. 13.85 1Co/MS for cement type, while the price for firms affiliated to the network of sub-distributors of Dino was S /. 13.70 for cement type 1 and S /. 13.57 1Co/MS3 for cement type. According to Santa Beatriz, the price differential was an abuse of dominant position in the market in the form of discrimination, since no justification because his company purchased cement volumes greater than those obtained by members, and, moreover, to make the payment in advance, unlike the member companies who enjoyed a loan to five days.
Also, Santa Beatriz said the contract of affiliation with the network of sub-distributors of Dino containing an obligation by which member companies had to provide, in addition to cement, construction materials, solely from this company, which constitute an abuse of dominant position in the market in the form of tied sales.
By Resolution No. 006-2005-INDECOPI/CLC, the Commission Free Competition declared unfounded the complaint lodged by the companies Deposits Santa Beatriz SRL, Eleodoro EIRL and Commercial Quiroga Quiroga Ramos SRL That decision was appealed to the Board of Competition of INDECOPI second administrative level.
The Board of Competition, by Resolution No. 0256-2006/TDC-INDECOPI, revoked Resolution No. 006-2005-INDECOPI/CLC and upheld the complaint against Dino for abuse of dominant position and ordered as an additional measure "immediate and definitive cessation of the acts constituting abuse of dominant position in the market (...)".
In light of that ruling, the April 5, 2005, Salvador Hardware SRL (hereinafter, the Hardware) lodged an appeal against the INDECOPI grounds that it violated his right to due process, freedom of private initiative , free enterprise and free contract.
Main Hardware arguments were:
• The mandate of INDECOPI meant nullifying the performance contract was signed with Dino, which violated his constitutional right to free employment;
• INDECOPI had no power to declare a contract invalid, as this can only be declared by the judiciary;
• Indecopi had also committed a violation of his right to due process because the procedure has never been located, although the decision of this condition affected his status.
The Constitutional Court ruled unfounded by stating the request for defense in its entirety noting that: (i) the INDECOPI if he had authority to issue fines up action, and (ii) had not violated the right to due process of the Hardware.
This paper will focus on analyzing the reasons that the Constitutional Court used to support the first point of delivery; ie, to analyze, using logical tools and the theory of argumentation, reasoning adopted by the Constitutional Court to justify its ruling relating to the INDECOPI did have power to issue measures. In our analysis we will follow the outline of the Constitutional Court.
Sunday, August 3, 2008
Petsmart Dewormer Cats
Dino analysis of how the Commission found that the company knew the certificate was false.
Presentation .- After a sharp increase in prices bricks, which occurred in 2007, the Technical Secretariat of the Commission of Free Competition of Indecopi (hereafter ST) opened an investigation into several brick companies, in order to determine whether the increase in prices was due to factors brick market or potential anti-competitive practices. To that end, he made inspection visits at the premises of brick companies. Some of these companies refused to provide information to officials of the ST required in this diligence, which resulted in the initiation of disciplinary proceedings before the Commission of Free Competition (hereinafter the Commission) against these companies, unjustified failure to provide the requested information.
One company reported Bricks Fortaleza SA (hereinafter, Fortaleza), presents a medical certificate in which he claimed showed that the person who, according to ST, I would have attended that day was not in the company, she is sick. However, after investigation by the ST, is that the certificate was false, since they never had been issued for his alleged issuer, Dr. Clifford Poma Rodríguez (hereinafter, Dr. Poma).
In view of this, there began a new disciplinary procedure for submitting Fortaleza knowingly false medical certificate. The company agreed to the falsity of the document, however, claimed that she did not know that the document was false. Fortaleza argued that only moved the document to him by his employee - Ms. Jeanette Jacqueline De La Cruz Vilchez, (hereinafter, Ms. De la Cruz) - is not liable for the conduct of it. On the other hand, Ms. De la Cruz did not show the certificate to the Commission, which is why he could not open any procedure.
This situation seems to reflect an impasse. To punish Fortaleza in the second procedure, the Commission should have sufficient evidence to show that the company knew that the document was false. Otherwise, it would absolve her, without being able to prosecute Ms. De la Cruz, in what seems a deliberate act of deceiving the authorities. Thus, both people would be free of penalty.
The purpose of this article is to analyze whether the facts and reasoning set forth in Resolution No. 011-2008-CLC/INDECOPI, there is sufficient evidence to prove beyond reasonable doubt that Fortaleza knew that the medical certificate was false. To this end, we will use some tools from the theory of argumentation and evidence for analyzing the decision of the Commission, such as diagrams and charts, allowing us to visualize, synthesize and assess the chain of argument contained in that declaration. In some cases, we will make explicit some assumptions that, from our point of view, are implicit in the reasoning of the Commission. 
This little article I published in Dialogue with the Court in June 2008 and Law and Justice (electronic journal published by Peruvian judges). If in case you're interested, here is the link to the full article: http://www.justiciayderecho.org/revista2/index1.html
I did not know that the certificate was false
analysis of how the Commission found that the company knew that the certificate was false
analysis of how the Commission found that the company knew that the certificate was false
Presentation .- After a sharp increase in prices bricks, which occurred in 2007, the Technical Secretariat of the Commission of Free Competition of Indecopi (hereafter ST) opened an investigation into several brick companies, in order to determine whether the increase in prices was due to factors brick market or potential anti-competitive practices. To that end, he made inspection visits at the premises of brick companies. Some of these companies refused to provide information to officials of the ST required in this diligence, which resulted in the initiation of disciplinary proceedings before the Commission of Free Competition (hereinafter the Commission) against these companies, unjustified failure to provide the requested information.
One company reported Bricks Fortaleza SA (hereinafter, Fortaleza), presents a medical certificate in which he claimed showed that the person who, according to ST, I would have attended that day was not in the company, she is sick. However, after investigation by the ST, is that the certificate was false, since they never had been issued for his alleged issuer, Dr. Clifford Poma Rodríguez (hereinafter, Dr. Poma).
In view of this, there began a new disciplinary procedure for submitting Fortaleza knowingly false medical certificate. The company agreed to the falsity of the document, however, claimed that she did not know that the document was false. Fortaleza argued that only moved the document to him by his employee - Ms. Jeanette Jacqueline De La Cruz Vilchez, (hereinafter, Ms. De la Cruz) - is not liable for the conduct of it. On the other hand, Ms. De la Cruz did not show the certificate to the Commission, which is why he could not open any procedure.
This situation seems to reflect an impasse. To punish Fortaleza in the second procedure, the Commission should have sufficient evidence to show that the company knew that the document was false. Otherwise, it would absolve her, without being able to prosecute Ms. De la Cruz, in what seems a deliberate act of deceiving the authorities. Thus, both people would be free of penalty.
The purpose of this article is to analyze whether the facts and reasoning set forth in Resolution No. 011-2008-CLC/INDECOPI, there is sufficient evidence to prove beyond reasonable doubt that Fortaleza knew that the medical certificate was false. To this end, we will use some tools from the theory of argumentation and evidence for analyzing the decision of the Commission, such as diagrams and charts, allowing us to visualize, synthesize and assess the chain of argument contained in that declaration. In some cases, we will make explicit some assumptions that, from our point of view, are implicit in the reasoning of the Commission.
Saturday, July 26, 2008
Flea Bites On Puppues Belly
The trial of King Solomon
The trial of King Solomon
Tag: [ mis argumentos ] 
In the next post, I'm sticking to the trial of King Solomon, as that this decision is the paradigm of a just decision (hence the expression "is a Solomonic decision), but if we analyze the case in depth, we can find that this decision is at least debatable.
The trial of King Solomon
Then two women went to the king, and stood before him. One of them said
"Oh, my lord, this woman and I lived in the same house, and I gave birth to a child while she was in the house. After the third day, after I had my son, this woman also gave birth. We were alone. There was no anyone else in the house. This woman's son died in the night. She got up at midnight, and took my son from me, while thine handmaid slept, and put it in his bosom, and laid her dead child in my womb.
When I got up this morning to nurse my son, I realized he was dead, but when I looked closer in the morning, I realized that was not the boy who had given birth. But the other woman told me: No, the living child is mine, the dead one is yours. I replied no, the dead child is yours, and the living child is mine. "
So they came before the king.
Then the king said: "A says my son that is alive, and his son that is dead. " And the other says, "No, your son is dead and my son that is alive." And the king said, "Bring me a sword." So a sword was brought before the king. And the king said: "Split the baby in two and give half to one and half to the other."
The woman whose son was alive said to the king, because his heart yearned for his son, "Oh, my lord, give her the living child to another woman, but not kill him." The other woman said, " the child will be neither mine nor yours, divide it. "Then the king answered and said," Give the living child to the first woman, and by no means kill him, she is his mother''
And all Israel heard of the sentence which the king had been made and is impressed by the king, because it is perceived that the wisdom of God was in him to justice.
Questions:
1. What is the problem here?
- Who was the natural mother? Who would take care
- child better?
2. Could Solomon know who the real mother? Does this problem had a solution at that time?
3. Do you agree with the method used by Solomon find out who was the mother? What are the moral qualms that he could do? What are the epistemological objections to it could make to that environment? What would you think if a judge uses this mechanism now?
4. Do you think that both women genuinely believed that the child was hers?
5. According to you, what would build the wisdom of Solomon:
- was it a clever researcher?,
- "a fair judge?,
- enlightened" troubleshooter?, Or
- did a good gambler?
6. How could you focused and solved the case?
The case and the questions are taken from the following references:
MURRAY, Peter, Green & Nesson. Problems, Cases, and Materials on Evidence. Aspen Law and Business, 2005.
http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k9840&pageid=icb.page34732&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent86710&view=view.do&viewParam_name=KingSolomonsJudgmentIKings316.html # a_icb_pagecontent86710
ANDERSON, Terence, David Schum and William Twining, Analysis of Evidence, 2d ed., 2005.
Part of the analysis and answers to the questions in this case, you can find en los siguientes links, libros y artículos:
MURRAY, Peter, Green & Nesson. Problems, Cases, and Materials on Evidence. Aspen Law and Business, 2005.
Ann Althouse. Beyond King Solomon's Harlots: Women in Evidence, 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1265 (1992)
Ann Althouse. The Lying Woman, The Devious Prostitute, and Other Stories from the Evidence Casebook, 88 Nw. U. L. Rev. 914 (1994).
ANDERSON, Terence, David Schum & William Twining, Analysis of evidence, 2d ed., 2005.
Tag: [ mis argumentos ]
Sunday, July 20, 2008
Pityriasis Rosea Due To Pill
Decisions by the Constitutional Court: the principle of primacy of reality and the fundamental right to drinking water
(...) No. 
Interesante jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el principio de primacía reality and the fundamental right to "drinking water"
Principle of primacy of reality.
EXP. No.
LAMBAYEQUE 1944-2002-AA/TC
EDUARDO ENRIQUE Chinchay PUT
LAMBAYEQUE 1944-2002-AA/TC
EDUARDO ENRIQUE Chinchay PUT
(... )
3. In the present case, applies the principle of primacy of reality, which means that in the event of discrepancies between what happens in practice and what flows from the documents, should be preferred to the former, that is, to what happens in the realm of facts. In this sense, the content of the contracts referred warns an employment relationship existed between the plaintiff and the defendant of the characteristics described in the preceding basis, so the work they performed were of a permanent nature and not possible, as shown by the defendant. (...)
EXP. SANTA
No. EDWIN EDLER 04691-2006-PA/TC JARA SOTELO
http://www.tc.gob.pe/jurisprudencia/2008/04691-2006-AA.html
No. EDWIN EDLER 04691-2006-PA/TC JARA SOTELO
http://www.tc.gob.pe/jurisprudencia/2008/04691-2006-AA.html
3. The plaintiff argues that the civil contracts signed with the Municipality located concealed, in fact, a relationship of work nature as it was contracted to do gardening and cleaning service, that is, work permanent nature, reason could not be dismissed but for a reason connected with your conduct or work capacity provided for by law, duly verified, to justify such a decision.
4. In that sense, the dispute centers on whether the civil contracts signed by the applicant concealed, in fact, a relationship of labor nature, because, if so, would therefore apply the principle of primacy of reality.
5. In relation to this principle, implicit in our legal system and enforced by the aforementioned protective nature of our Constitution, this school has stated that "(...) in cases of discrepancy between what happens in practice and what flows from the documents, should be preferred to the former, that is, what happens in the realm of facts. " (Rationale 3 of the STC No. 1944-2002-AA/TC)
4. In that sense, the dispute centers on whether the civil contracts signed by the applicant concealed, in fact, a relationship of labor nature, because, if so, would therefore apply the principle of primacy of reality.
5. In relation to this principle, implicit in our legal system and enforced by the aforementioned protective nature of our Constitution, this school has stated that "(...) in cases of discrepancy between what happens in practice and what flows from the documents, should be preferred to the former, that is, what happens in the realm of facts. " (Rationale 3 of the STC No. 1944-2002-AA/TC)
(...)
fundamental right to drinking water
EXP-PA 6546-2006 / TC
LAMBAYEQUE
ZUNIGA LOPEZ CESAR AUGUSTO
LAMBAYEQUE
ZUNIGA LOPEZ CESAR AUGUSTO
Is there a constitutional right to drinking water?
3. In a preliminary to the elucidation of this controversy, it should be noted that although what he claims the plaintiff has to do with an alleged infringement of rights such as health and property, underlying that claim a much more relevant issue, namely whether the decision to cut service drinking water affects a fundamental right independent, consisting of the same enjoyment and disposition of the liquid element. It is, in other words, to verify whether, in light of value choices recognized by our constitutional system, may or may not speak of a constitutional right to clean water and if after any breach or threatened, holds the constitutional protection gives the other attributes and freedoms expressly recognized by the Constitution.
4. By first intention and purpose of first responders guide reflection, it should be noted that although the highest Constitution explicitly recognizes no or nominal fundamental right to drinking water, this situation does not mean or be interpreted as that possibility is elided or deferred. Indeed, as has been highlighted in previous opportunities, fundamental rights can be individualized not only from a strictly grammatical or positive. To the extent that the law does not create strict sense, essential rights, but simply to recognize limits, their identification can operate not only from an option valuation or principlist as recognized in Article 3 of the Constitution of Peru but also appealing to a hermeneutic exercise under a systematic basis or variant of context-deductible clauses in the instruments on international human rights, many of which contain not only additional rights expressly recognized in the Constitution, but even much broader content offering to those who already have constitutional coverage.
drinking water as a constitutional right not listed.
5) In the specific case law drinking water, consider that while this attribute is not considered a positive level, there are nevertheless a number of reasons for consideration or recognition as a fundamental right. Taking this premise is, however, to outline their identification within the context provided by some of the perspectives outlined above. To this effect to the extent that there is no express provision containing such recognition domestically and internationally are still to be developed many of the areas that comprise the attribute, it is permissible to go, for this purpose, mainly the option valuation or principlist and implicit rights clause that allows you to serve as a reference. So, using the formula described above would allow individualization legitimize the existence of a right to water as a fundamental attribute not listed. Its recognition would be directly linked to important values \u200b\u200bsuch as human dignity and social and democratic state of law. Contents
fundamental right to drinking water. Personal and extrapersonal roles.
6) The right to water, in light of the context described, would, primarily, a duty of affirmative or performance based, whose realization would correspond mainly to promote the state. His condition makes it essential natural resource, a basic element for the maintenance and development not only of the existence and quality of human life, but other such basic rights as health, labor and the environment, resulting in almost impossible to imagine that without the presence of the liquid element, the individual can to satisfy their basic needs and even those which, without being, allow the improvement and development of their living conditions.
7) The water as a natural resource, not only directly contributes to the strengthening of fundamental rights in question, but from a perspective extrapersonal influences on social development and economic development through policies that the State is undertaking a number of sectors. Such is the case of agriculture, mining, transport, industry, etc. Can be said, therefore, that thanks to its existence and use is made possible sustained growth and ensuring that society as a whole is not adversely affected in the short, medium and long term.
8) Within this context, and even when not part of the disputed issue, it is clear that consideration of the essential role of water in favor of the individual and society as a whole, to suggest their status not only at the level of a fundamental right, but a target value to the State Constitutional corresponding privilege. Assumptions
minimum right to drinking water. Access, quality, adequacy
9) As regards the position of the individual as the beneficiary of the fundamental right to drinking water, the State is obliged to guarantee at least three essential things: access, quality and sufficiency. Without the presence of these three conditions, that attribute would be denatured well apart from the existence of the resource. It is not, therefore, to proclaim that water exists, but to provide a minimum set of assumptions to ensure their enjoyment or enjoyment of the human or individual recipient.
10) Access from this perspective, you should assume that since the state must be created, directly or indirectly (via dealers), about the resource conditions for the recipient fluid. To this end, various references can be: a) there must be water, physical facilities and services close to where people live, work, study, etc.., B) water, services and facilities must be fully accessible economic terms, ie in terms of costs must be within reach of anyone, except in cases that improved or specialized nature of the service, has required greater investment in empowerment, c) in accordance with rule above should not be allowed any discrimination or distinction, when it comes to playing field in the fluid supply element, from the State must protect preferably at the most vulnerable population, d) should be promoted a policy of continuous information on water use and on the need to protect as a natural resource.
11) The quality, in turn, must mean the obligation of ensuring full sanitation conditions in the liquid component and the need to maintain optimal levels of services and facilities with which it has to be supplied. Unacceptable, therefore, be that water can be dispensed in a manner that endangers life, health or safety of persons, debiéndose for that purpose take the necessary preventive measures to avoid contamination by microorganisms or harmful substances, or even by industrial mechanisms that might be damaging in terms of natural resource. Similar criterion has to be invoked for services or facilities with natural deterioration should not be a pretext for the generation of damage on the liquid element. Fulfilled its natural period of existence, the services or facilities should be replaced by others that offer similar or better quality standards.
12) The adequacy finally must involve the need for the natural resource conditions can be waived in appropriate quantity to allow at least meet the basic or primary needs of the person, such as those related to personal and domestic uses, or even those related to health, because they depend on the existence of each individual. Water, in other words, being an asset whose existence is guaranteed, neither can nor should be provided in all lighting conditions incompatible with the basic requirements of each individual.
13) In short, the State, within its social role and irrefutable logic of protecting human beings and their dignity, promote the drinking water constitutes not only a right of permanent use and enjoyment, but at the same time, an item in the service of an endless repertoire of rights, all as of extreme importance to the realization of the individual.
3. In a preliminary to the elucidation of this controversy, it should be noted that although what he claims the plaintiff has to do with an alleged infringement of rights such as health and property, underlying that claim a much more relevant issue, namely whether the decision to cut service drinking water affects a fundamental right independent, consisting of the same enjoyment and disposition of the liquid element. It is, in other words, to verify whether, in light of value choices recognized by our constitutional system, may or may not speak of a constitutional right to clean water and if after any breach or threatened, holds the constitutional protection gives the other attributes and freedoms expressly recognized by the Constitution.
4. By first intention and purpose of first responders guide reflection, it should be noted that although the highest Constitution explicitly recognizes no or nominal fundamental right to drinking water, this situation does not mean or be interpreted as that possibility is elided or deferred. Indeed, as has been highlighted in previous opportunities, fundamental rights can be individualized not only from a strictly grammatical or positive. To the extent that the law does not create strict sense, essential rights, but simply to recognize limits, their identification can operate not only from an option valuation or principlist as recognized in Article 3 of the Constitution of Peru but also appealing to a hermeneutic exercise under a systematic basis or variant of context-deductible clauses in the instruments on international human rights, many of which contain not only additional rights expressly recognized in the Constitution, but even much broader content offering to those who already have constitutional coverage.
drinking water as a constitutional right not listed.
5) In the specific case law drinking water, consider that while this attribute is not considered a positive level, there are nevertheless a number of reasons for consideration or recognition as a fundamental right. Taking this premise is, however, to outline their identification within the context provided by some of the perspectives outlined above. To this effect to the extent that there is no express provision containing such recognition domestically and internationally are still to be developed many of the areas that comprise the attribute, it is permissible to go, for this purpose, mainly the option valuation or principlist and implicit rights clause that allows you to serve as a reference. So, using the formula described above would allow individualization legitimize the existence of a right to water as a fundamental attribute not listed. Its recognition would be directly linked to important values \u200b\u200bsuch as human dignity and social and democratic state of law. Contents
fundamental right to drinking water. Personal and extrapersonal roles.
6) The right to water, in light of the context described, would, primarily, a duty of affirmative or performance based, whose realization would correspond mainly to promote the state. His condition makes it essential natural resource, a basic element for the maintenance and development not only of the existence and quality of human life, but other such basic rights as health, labor and the environment, resulting in almost impossible to imagine that without the presence of the liquid element, the individual can to satisfy their basic needs and even those which, without being, allow the improvement and development of their living conditions.
7) The water as a natural resource, not only directly contributes to the strengthening of fundamental rights in question, but from a perspective extrapersonal influences on social development and economic development through policies that the State is undertaking a number of sectors. Such is the case of agriculture, mining, transport, industry, etc. Can be said, therefore, that thanks to its existence and use is made possible sustained growth and ensuring that society as a whole is not adversely affected in the short, medium and long term.
8) Within this context, and even when not part of the disputed issue, it is clear that consideration of the essential role of water in favor of the individual and society as a whole, to suggest their status not only at the level of a fundamental right, but a target value to the State Constitutional corresponding privilege. Assumptions
minimum right to drinking water. Access, quality, adequacy
9) As regards the position of the individual as the beneficiary of the fundamental right to drinking water, the State is obliged to guarantee at least three essential things: access, quality and sufficiency. Without the presence of these three conditions, that attribute would be denatured well apart from the existence of the resource. It is not, therefore, to proclaim that water exists, but to provide a minimum set of assumptions to ensure their enjoyment or enjoyment of the human or individual recipient.
10) Access from this perspective, you should assume that since the state must be created, directly or indirectly (via dealers), about the resource conditions for the recipient fluid. To this end, various references can be: a) there must be water, physical facilities and services close to where people live, work, study, etc.., B) water, services and facilities must be fully accessible economic terms, ie in terms of costs must be within reach of anyone, except in cases that improved or specialized nature of the service, has required greater investment in empowerment, c) in accordance with rule above should not be allowed any discrimination or distinction, when it comes to playing field in the fluid supply element, from the State must protect preferably at the most vulnerable population, d) should be promoted a policy of continuous information on water use and on the need to protect as a natural resource.
11) The quality, in turn, must mean the obligation of ensuring full sanitation conditions in the liquid component and the need to maintain optimal levels of services and facilities with which it has to be supplied. Unacceptable, therefore, be that water can be dispensed in a manner that endangers life, health or safety of persons, debiéndose for that purpose take the necessary preventive measures to avoid contamination by microorganisms or harmful substances, or even by industrial mechanisms that might be damaging in terms of natural resource. Similar criterion has to be invoked for services or facilities with natural deterioration should not be a pretext for the generation of damage on the liquid element. Fulfilled its natural period of existence, the services or facilities should be replaced by others that offer similar or better quality standards.
12) The adequacy finally must involve the need for the natural resource conditions can be waived in appropriate quantity to allow at least meet the basic or primary needs of the person, such as those related to personal and domestic uses, or even those related to health, because they depend on the existence of each individual. Water, in other words, being an asset whose existence is guaranteed, neither can nor should be provided in all lighting conditions incompatible with the basic requirements of each individual.
13) In short, the State, within its social role and irrefutable logic of protecting human beings and their dignity, promote the drinking water constitutes not only a right of permanent use and enjoyment, but at the same time, an item in the service of an endless repertoire of rights, all as of extreme importance to the realization of the individual.
Sunday, July 13, 2008
Long Freshman Sayings
reactions to changes in competition rules
In strictly legal, the decriminalization of abuse of economic power in the market (232 CP), hoarding (233 CP), misleading advertising (238 PC), consumer fraud (239 CP) , unfair competition (240 CP) and collusive tendering (241 subsection 3 CP), would say that this does not social disvalue already have enough to be criminally punished. This means that if firms in a sector of the market at a price agreed between nakedly harming consumers, may not receive a penalty or if a company with a dominant position makes exclusionary practices of other competitors, nor can receive any criminal sanction. Nor may receive penalty clearly denigrates the competitor competitor's products or openly exploits the reputation of the competitor, and neither the producer, manufacturer or dealer that detracts from the market in order to create scarcity and ultimately harm consumers . And not to mention of those involved in public procurement and collude to set a price and defrauding the state, getting a much higher price that would have resulted from a struggle between competing companies really. With these new rules of the executive, approved in order to adapt our legislation to the FTA, it would remove from the criminal sphere all the above cases.
http://aeperu.blogspot.com/2008/07/en-el-per-los-mercados-no-son-libres.html
markets in Peru are not free.
Juan Francisco Rojas
It is usual to claim that the free market means letting things happen without regulation and without control, much less the evil state that only serves to annoy the initiative of individuals.
In eighteen years of dogma and enthusiast can compare some results: the most important markets in Peru are highly concentrated. This means that there are powerful groups that can impose their conditions on others, which do not depend on the efficiency or quality production, but the power they have on their business, built on the basis of factors such as market share, access exclusive technology, inability to find replacements easily, large investments required for the entry of new competitors, lack of consumer information, among others.
According to the prestigious consulting Maximixe (1) and other findings, are highly concentrated markets include: financial and insurance, food (milk, oil, wheat, meats, sodas, beer), fuel, service stations, electricity (generation and distribution), sanitation, construction materials (iron, cement, brick), Oil, LPG, cooking gas, pension funds, stationery, telephone, rail, air transport, department stores, supermarkets.
In markets there is no competition, there is only a farce that ensures the benefits of those who have built their position of power and who are able and willing to do anything to keep it. Market power also expands the world of political decisions, opinion formation, education and even the pseudo knowledge.
How much is the importance of this issue in the daily life of Peruvians? How much impact the economy of the citizens these power structures? When a market agent is not competent decisions based on their unique individual interests. Prices rise, quality low, tied sales are common and discrimination is installed. The big hurt is the consumer because the free market where competition prevails, there. [Here the author should provide evidence that current market structures which refers not benefit consumers. The fact that the market is concentrated does not necessarily imply a loss for the consumer, which is what the author wants to convey implicitly]
is time for society to raise the struggle for free markets recover, to regain competition, to eliminate the abuse of dominant position and to oppose all forms of speculation, hoarding and consultation that cause so much damage to the economy of all Peruvians. not meet these requirements is quite effective hatching a formula to generate a situation of violence and popular protest.
With great blindness, the government called to defend the free market competition and give up just giving up legislation on merger control and the Criminal Code repealing economic crime. is necessary for laws regulating the markets is discussed in Parliament and not decided at midnight under the influence of a coterie of enlightened only represent the interests of some. [At this point, I partially agree with the author. In the sense it is the Congress that adopted such laws, but not if they should develop them. I think Congress should establish the principles upon which laws should be developed. The principles would express the political agreements and values \u200b\u200bthat have reached various political groups in Congress. The next step would be to develop standards on these principles. I think this would be a proper alignment between policy and technology]
(1) Jorge Chávez Álvarez, "Market Structures and Institutions Where We Are."
reasonable consumer
For example, for Doctor of Law and university professor in July Durand Carrión, we must revise the amendment to paragraph a), Article 3 of the new Consumer Protection Act, which literally says: "This law protects consumers acting in the market ordinary diligence, according to the circumstances. "
"If we apply the term strictly, a large sector of consumers who do not have access to education consumption, would be unprotected. That is, for the consumer would Indecopi stupid and irrational, unable to drive on the market, and therefore do not deserve legal protection, "said the specialist.
Durand recalled that according to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics ( INEI), the country had 12.1% of illiterates. "So we can not be taken to the extreme of creating in the process of interpretation a reasonable consumer or diligent ideal exists only in imperfect market economy like ours, where information is a scarce resource, economic agents behave in an atypical manner, and, more critically, no market culture, "he added.
Counsel considers a success include intermediate customers and not just the end, under the protection of the law, but warns that the rule should also include new developments in the procurement of goods and services, purchases over the Internet. 
While I think that in general, changes to the rules of competition and consumer protection have been positive, there are several aspects that are controversial. Here I have some comments from teachers Percy García Cavero, Juan Francisco Rojas and Julio Durand on recent changes in the rules of competition and consumer protection.
From reading these articles are derived several important points:
(i) the importance and impact of these standards in society, would not it have been better if these rules had been discussed by the Congress?
(ii) all proposed changes have been made within the framework of delegated powers?
(iii) can be regarded as collusive bidding is less serious than the conduct of a pickpocket? According to García Cavero, decriminalization of anticompetitive conduct is a benefit even in his country are U.S. companies.
(iv) the concept of diligent consumer does not protect the Peruvian consumer?
would be important to publish the exhibition memorandum to each of the amended rules, in order to ascertain what were the reasons that were behind these changes and, from there, consider whether these reasons justify or not the changes.
FTA "without criminal law? About the decriminalization of economic crimes against the competition and consumers
By Percy Rafhael García Cavero (*)
http://www.dircom.udep.edu.pe/boletin/viewArt.php?art = 2141
few weeks ago I took knowledge of the various legal reform projects that were taking place in the Executive in bankruptcy, antitrust and consumer protection. As a member Commission devolved Indecopi-Piura in bankruptcy matters, consumer protection, deceptive advertising and market access, I assumed that these new laws seek to bridge the gaps or deficiencies in existing legislation. And without doing further analysis of recent legislative decrees approved by the Executive, I would think that will bring great advantages in the important work of monitoring and control plays Indecopi. However, I have found a legislative policy clearly intended to make criminal law various economic crimes, to become mere administrative breaches. Surely the Executive to have assessed that it is much more efficient leave all against market misconduct under the control and punishment of Indecopi. As there has been more discussion about it, I guess there will be some reason. However, I regret to say that I think the worst decision I've seen in criminal matters in recent times. And I mean from all levels.
few weeks ago I took knowledge of the various legal reform projects that were taking place in the Executive in bankruptcy, antitrust and consumer protection. As a member Commission devolved Indecopi-Piura in bankruptcy matters, consumer protection, deceptive advertising and market access, I assumed that these new laws seek to bridge the gaps or deficiencies in existing legislation. And without doing further analysis of recent legislative decrees approved by the Executive, I would think that will bring great advantages in the important work of monitoring and control plays Indecopi. However, I have found a legislative policy clearly intended to make criminal law various economic crimes, to become mere administrative breaches. Surely the Executive to have assessed that it is much more efficient leave all against market misconduct under the control and punishment of Indecopi. As there has been more discussion about it, I guess there will be some reason. However, I regret to say that I think the worst decision I've seen in criminal matters in recent times. And I mean from all levels.
In strictly legal, the decriminalization of abuse of economic power in the market (232 CP), hoarding (233 CP), misleading advertising (238 PC), consumer fraud (239 CP) , unfair competition (240 CP) and collusive tendering (241 subsection 3 CP), would say that this does not social disvalue already have enough to be criminally punished. This means that if firms in a sector of the market at a price agreed between nakedly harming consumers, may not receive a penalty or if a company with a dominant position makes exclusionary practices of other competitors, nor can receive any criminal sanction. Nor may receive penalty clearly denigrates the competitor competitor's products or openly exploits the reputation of the competitor, and neither the producer, manufacturer or dealer that detracts from the market in order to create scarcity and ultimately harm consumers . And not to mention of those involved in public procurement and collude to set a price and defrauding the state, getting a much higher price that would have resulted from a struggle between competing companies really. With these new rules of the executive, approved in order to adapt our legislation to the FTA, it would remove from the criminal sphere all the above cases.
arguably no need to fear, because these behaviors are administrative violations that come with them enormous administrative fines. Well, first we must remember that Indecopi functional organs not usually make very high fines. But independence of the reference data, which is completely unaware that an administrative fine of not only has a very limited virtual intimidating, but the offense gives it a neutral pound social criticism that deserves this type of behavior. I mean, if the fine may be he could be sentenced to a company engaged in anticompetitive conduct was a hundred and gain by this practice was a thousand, do you think the company is going to stay faithful to the law? On the contrary, if the penalty was imprisonment for managers, confiscation of illicit profits or gains (section 102 of the CP or the Law of loss of control), did not generate this more effective preventive? Sure, you could say that Indecopi is pursuing better and ability to punish rather than the judiciary, where entrepreneurs always go offenders go free. But then this means that the problem is the lack of a criminal justice specialist in economic issues, which would bring the solution to provide the Judiciary of adequate infrastructure and training to combat economic crime, instead of giving give certain conduct the necessary criminal sanction in exchange for an administrative fine in the big cases, will not generate any preventive effect. But further consideration of mere infringement administrative offenses listed above would equate, at least formally, a step of red light or failure to issue a bill. So there is nothing to criticize those who abuse their dominant position of those who make unfair competition, market hogs, leaving consumers without supplies, etc. Anyone passing a red light [The example is not accurate. In theory, the fine must exceed the profit from the illegal practice, which is why employers would not have incentives in this practice. Could be made supportive to company executives who participated in the unlawful conduct. Now But this is theory should be accompanied by empirical research to confirm this hypothesis. Otherwise, everything is at the level of assumptions]
In terms of legislative technique, is also a tremendous mistake what you are doing the Executive. His policy of decriminalization not only follows a completely opposite to what happens in the civilized world, but that does not correspond precisely with the country which has concluded the FTA. In fact, the Sherman Act of 1890 which regulates the conduct U.S. antitrust law is a criminal, that is, that while in the United States anticompetitive conduct are serious crimes in our country these behaviors are only an administrative offense. What a great scenario for Americans, Peruvians penalty for what they do in the U.S. and U.S. administrative penalty for practicing in Peru anticompetitive behavior. It seems that symmetrical treatment was not considered at all in this case. [The fact that in other countries to penalize a particular practice does not mean it should also be so in the country. Should give reasons why it is necessary that such conduct is punishable by imprisonment]
But the legislative decision is not saved or politically. In fact, I think a big political mistake what you are doing the Executive. There appears to be typical of a government "progressive" proceed to decriminalize behaviors related to the activity of certain economic groups. Thus, while the pickpocket who steals a wallet valued at a minimum living wage will go up to three years in jail (even when arrested), who defraud consumers or the state itself in collusive tendering in terms of millions just going to receive an administrative fine. I should add that I am not making a critique of classism, because entrepreneurs might not realize that themselves are affected by this type of crime. In fact, normally have an anticompetitive exclusionary effect, ie out of the market to other competitors or in the case of unfair competition is always the injured competitor, or hoarding may be made by a producer and harm traders. Economic crimes generate a detrimental impact on all operators in the market and what is worse, confidence in the entire economic system, so use a purely administrative reaction mechanism predicts an absolute failure in the fight against this type of crime. [The qualification that this policy is not typical of a government "Progressive" is ideological. In any case, the penalty or not conduct should not depend on whether a government is progressive or liberal. Must be reasons for the criminalization of certain conduct, which must be sustentandas on value judgments as empirical research, which is not usually do much in the law]
(emphasis mine) The
comments in brackets are mine.
http://aeperu.blogspot.com/2008/07/en-el-per-los-mercados-no-son-libres.html
markets in Peru are not free.
Juan Francisco Rojas
It is usual to claim that the free market means letting things happen without regulation and without control, much less the evil state that only serves to annoy the initiative of individuals.
In eighteen years of dogma and enthusiast can compare some results: the most important markets in Peru are highly concentrated. This means that there are powerful groups that can impose their conditions on others, which do not depend on the efficiency or quality production, but the power they have on their business, built on the basis of factors such as market share, access exclusive technology, inability to find replacements easily, large investments required for the entry of new competitors, lack of consumer information, among others.
According to the prestigious consulting Maximixe (1) and other findings, are highly concentrated markets include: financial and insurance, food (milk, oil, wheat, meats, sodas, beer), fuel, service stations, electricity (generation and distribution), sanitation, construction materials (iron, cement, brick), Oil, LPG, cooking gas, pension funds, stationery, telephone, rail, air transport, department stores, supermarkets.
In markets there is no competition, there is only a farce that ensures the benefits of those who have built their position of power and who are able and willing to do anything to keep it. Market power also expands the world of political decisions, opinion formation, education and even the pseudo knowledge.
How much is the importance of this issue in the daily life of Peruvians? How much impact the economy of the citizens these power structures? When a market agent is not competent decisions based on their unique individual interests. Prices rise, quality low, tied sales are common and discrimination is installed. The big hurt is the consumer because the free market where competition prevails, there. [Here the author should provide evidence that current market structures which refers not benefit consumers. The fact that the market is concentrated does not necessarily imply a loss for the consumer, which is what the author wants to convey implicitly]
is time for society to raise the struggle for free markets recover, to regain competition, to eliminate the abuse of dominant position and to oppose all forms of speculation, hoarding and consultation that cause so much damage to the economy of all Peruvians. not meet these requirements is quite effective hatching a formula to generate a situation of violence and popular protest.
With great blindness, the government called to defend the free market competition and give up just giving up legislation on merger control and the Criminal Code repealing economic crime. is necessary for laws regulating the markets is discussed in Parliament and not decided at midnight under the influence of a coterie of enlightened only represent the interests of some. [At this point, I partially agree with the author. In the sense it is the Congress that adopted such laws, but not if they should develop them. I think Congress should establish the principles upon which laws should be developed. The principles would express the political agreements and values \u200b\u200bthat have reached various political groups in Congress. The next step would be to develop standards on these principles. I think this would be a proper alignment between policy and technology]
(1) Jorge Chávez Álvarez, "Market Structures and Institutions Where We Are."
(emphasis added)
The comments from brackets are mine.
reasonable consumer
For example, for Doctor of Law and university professor in July Durand Carrión, we must revise the amendment to paragraph a), Article 3 of the new Consumer Protection Act, which literally says: "This law protects consumers acting in the market ordinary diligence, according to the circumstances. "
"If we apply the term strictly, a large sector of consumers who do not have access to education consumption, would be unprotected. That is, for the consumer would Indecopi stupid and irrational, unable to drive on the market, and therefore do not deserve legal protection, "said the specialist.
Durand recalled that according to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics ( INEI), the country had 12.1% of illiterates. "So we can not be taken to the extreme of creating in the process of interpretation a reasonable consumer or diligent ideal exists only in imperfect market economy like ours, where information is a scarce resource, economic agents behave in an atypical manner, and, more critically, no market culture, "he added.
Counsel considers a success include intermediate customers and not just the end, under the protection of the law, but warns that the rule should also include new developments in the procurement of goods and services, purchases over the Internet.
Thursday, July 10, 2008
Stranne Replacement Bulb
Antonin Scalia: Torture is not "cruel and unusual punishment"
Controversial statements by top government officials and the judiciary in the U.S..
This is an extract from an interview with Justice Scalia, one of the best known judges the U.S. Supreme Court. I've put some links of video of the interview.
And the Supreme Court Judge Antonin Scalia stated publicly that torture of prisoners does not violate the prohibition of "cruel and unusual punishment" of the Eighth Amendment. Scalia's comment came during an interview with Lesley Stahl on 60 Minutes on CBS.
Justice Scalia said: "I do not like torture. But it will be difficult to define. But, I mean, who is in favor? Nobody. And we have a law against torture. But not everything that is hateful hatred is covered by any provision of the Constitution. "
Stahl said: "If someone is in custody, as in Abu Ghraib, and is beaten by a maintenance person order, if you hear the expression, cruel and insusual, do not apply? ".
Justice Scalia said: "I do not like torture. But it will be difficult to define. But, I mean, who is in favor? Nobody. And we have a law against torture. But not everything that is hateful hatred is covered by any provision of the Constitution. "
Stahl said: "If someone is in custody, as in Abu Ghraib, and is beaten by a maintenance person order, if you hear the expression, cruel and insusual, do not apply? ".
Scalia: "No, no."
Stahl, "cruel and unusual punishment?".
Scalia: "On the contrary. You think ... you think so. Does anyone have ever spoken of torture or punishment? I think not. "
Stahl: "Well, I think if you are in custody and have a policeman who took him into custody ...."
Scalia: "And you say he's punishing you?".
Stahl: "Sure."
Scalia: "Why is punishing? You punish somebody .... "
Stahl: "Well, because it assumes you, one, committed a crime ...."
Scalia: "No".
Stahl: "O ...."
Scalia: "No".
Stahl: ".. you know something he wants to know."
Scalia: "The last. And when, when he, when he hurts to get information from you .... "
Stahl: "Yes"
Scalia: ".. you do not say he's punishing you. Why is punishing? He's trying to get .... "
Stahl: "Because you think you are a terrorist, and will hit ya know what ...." Scalia: "Anyway, that's my opinion. And it is correct. " Links
Stahl, "cruel and unusual punishment?".
Scalia: "On the contrary. You think ... you think so. Does anyone have ever spoken of torture or punishment? I think not. "
Stahl: "Well, I think if you are in custody and have a policeman who took him into custody ...."
Scalia: "And you say he's punishing you?".
Stahl: "Sure."
Scalia: "Why is punishing? You punish somebody .... "
Stahl: "Well, because it assumes you, one, committed a crime ...."
Scalia: "No".
Stahl: "O ...."
Scalia: "No".
Stahl: ".. you know something he wants to know."
Scalia: "The last. And when, when he, when he hurts to get information from you .... "
Stahl: "Yes"
Scalia: ".. you do not say he's punishing you. Why is punishing? He's trying to get .... "
Stahl: "Because you think you are a terrorist, and will hit ya know what ...." Scalia: "Anyway, that's my opinion. And it is correct. " Links
where opinion on Scalia's position
http://saberderecho.blogspot.com/2008/02/la-miseria-del-textualismo.html
http://seminariogargarella.blogspot.com/ (known Argentine professor of constitutional law. He studied at Chicago and Oxford) Here you can see the video interview with Scalia.
http://seminariogargarella.blogspot.com/ (known Argentine professor of constitutional law. He studied at Chicago and Oxford) Here you can see the video interview with Scalia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Scalia transcribes the interview in English.
worth seeing the video or, in any case, read the transcript in the original language. Statements
U.S. Vice President and the highest authorities of the CIA
The national intelligence director and the attorney general felt that waterboarding would be torture or submarine itself, if they apply to them, and maybe today the practice and would be illegal, as has historically managed and the U.S. government itself, "two of the most senior figures in Washington were quick to defend torture.
Vice President Dick Cheney defended the "harsh interrogation program" of the CIA and said he would do the same again, while Antonin Scalia, justice of the Supreme Court, said publicly that beatings and other forms of interrogation are acceptable when necessary by circumstances.
Vice President Dick Cheney defended the "harsh interrogation program" of the CIA and said he would do the same again, while Antonin Scalia, justice of the Supreme Court, said publicly that beatings and other forms of interrogation are acceptable when necessary by circumstances.
Tuesday, July 8, 2008
M Jak Milosc Odcinki 808
The court orders to torture: torture against time
Look, if the president needed an option, there are all kinds of things you can do. Choose the best example, right? You captured someone you know is the assistant number two to Osama bin Laden. And you know it has launched an operation planned for the United States or some European capital in the coming ... three days. And you know this guy knows. Well, it's the clearest example. And you think you can only get it out to such drugs or injecting some into believing that drowned or otherwise. If you really believe that this scenario is likely to happen, let me make an alternative proposal.
We have a law here that allows no one is above the law, and does not require advance approval for secret torture disguised. Can legislate a much less permissive statute that allows the president to consider a case such as that just outlined, and after that review could be submitted even after the facts before the Court Foreign Intelligence Surveillance.
A Clinton asked then I was saying that "would have more responsibility for what had been done after [the facts]." He replied: "Yeah, well, the president could take personal responsibility for it. But you do it on a case by case basis and there would be some kind of review of it. "Clinton quickly added that he does not know if this scenario trial" is likely or not ", but he knew that" we were wrong about who was suspected or actual no. "Clinton summarized his views as follows:
If you really believe it is time where the only way to obtain reliable information is to get it out to shock someone or injecting a drug to you the count, can then be submitted to the Foreign Intelligence Court, or any other court, exactly under the same circumstances we do with wiretaps. Post facto ...
But I think if you go around passing laws that legitimize a violation of the Geneva Convention and institutionalize what happened at Abu Ghraib or Guantanamo, we're going to get into real trouble.
A controversial proposal of a famous professor of law Harvard, I read some years ago. In the end I put some links and articles that have a contrary position, both from a moral standpoint, as the law of evidence (evidence) in the sense of whether it is a reliable mechanism for information.
Bill Clinton, torture advocate Alan M.
Dershowitz
http://www.libertaddigital.com/index.php?action=desaopi&cpn=34052
several years ago provoked a storm of controversy by advocating the "torture warrants" as a way to create transparency for the use of torture in terrorism cases. I argued that if ever we were in a frame of mind like "trial" in which the authorities think that an impending terror attack could only be avoided by forcing torture a captured terrorist to reveal the location of the bomb, the authorities would use in practice that method.
Although I personally oppose the use of torture, I recognize the reality that some forms of torture have been, are and will continue to be used by democracies in extreme situations, no matter what we say or what the law dictates. In an effort to limit the use of torture to those situations "trial" truly extreme, rather than let it become routine, suggested that the president or a federal judge had to take personal responsibility for ordering its use in extraordinary situations .
For suggesting this approach to the terrible choice between the evils of torture and terrorism, was condemned as a moral monster, labeled an advocate of torture and called Inquisitor.
It turns out that former President Clinton has made a similar proposal. In a recent interview on National Public Radio, Clinton was asked, as someone who "has been in this position" if the president needs "the option of authorizing torture in an extreme case." This was his answer:
Dershowitz
http://www.libertaddigital.com/index.php?action=desaopi&cpn=34052
several years ago provoked a storm of controversy by advocating the "torture warrants" as a way to create transparency for the use of torture in terrorism cases. I argued that if ever we were in a frame of mind like "trial" in which the authorities think that an impending terror attack could only be avoided by forcing torture a captured terrorist to reveal the location of the bomb, the authorities would use in practice that method.
Although I personally oppose the use of torture, I recognize the reality that some forms of torture have been, are and will continue to be used by democracies in extreme situations, no matter what we say or what the law dictates. In an effort to limit the use of torture to those situations "trial" truly extreme, rather than let it become routine, suggested that the president or a federal judge had to take personal responsibility for ordering its use in extraordinary situations .
For suggesting this approach to the terrible choice between the evils of torture and terrorism, was condemned as a moral monster, labeled an advocate of torture and called Inquisitor.
It turns out that former President Clinton has made a similar proposal. In a recent interview on National Public Radio, Clinton was asked, as someone who "has been in this position" if the president needs "the option of authorizing torture in an extreme case." This was his answer:
Look, if the president needed an option, there are all kinds of things you can do. Choose the best example, right? You captured someone you know is the assistant number two to Osama bin Laden. And you know it has launched an operation planned for the United States or some European capital in the coming ... three days. And you know this guy knows. Well, it's the clearest example. And you think you can only get it out to such drugs or injecting some into believing that drowned or otherwise. If you really believe that this scenario is likely to happen, let me make an alternative proposal.
We have a law here that allows no one is above the law, and does not require advance approval for secret torture disguised. Can legislate a much less permissive statute that allows the president to consider a case such as that just outlined, and after that review could be submitted even after the facts before the Court Foreign Intelligence Surveillance.
A Clinton asked then I was saying that "would have more responsibility for what had been done after [the facts]." He replied: "Yeah, well, the president could take personal responsibility for it. But you do it on a case by case basis and there would be some kind of review of it. "Clinton quickly added that he does not know if this scenario trial" is likely or not ", but he knew that" we were wrong about who was suspected or actual no. "Clinton summarized his views as follows:
If you really believe it is time where the only way to obtain reliable information is to get it out to shock someone or injecting a drug to you the count, can then be submitted to the Foreign Intelligence Court, or any other court, exactly under the same circumstances we do with wiretaps. Post facto ...
But I think if you go around passing laws that legitimize a violation of the Geneva Convention and institutionalize what happened at Abu Ghraib or Guantanamo, we're going to get into real trouble.
is surprising that this interview with former president has received so little attention from those who were so quick to fall on me. Clinton goes even further than me. In extreme cases, it would authorize the licensing post facto by a specialized court, as is now the case with recordings of national security. What I proposed es que la autorización legal fuera concedida antes de permitirse el uso de medidas extremas. Una licencia preliminar podría extenderse en cuestión de minutos, a acompañarse de una evaluación más exhaustiva tras los hechos y un examen.
Ofrecí mi controvertida propuesta como modo de estimular el debate acerca de una elección difícil entre diversos males. Espero que el silencio tras la entrevista de Clinton no signifique que el debate ha terminado. El problema permanece. La tortura continuará. No dejemos de pensar y hablar sobre si el mal de la tortura es realmente un mal necesario.
Ofrecí mi controvertida propuesta como modo de estimular el debate acerca de una elección difícil entre diversos males. Espero que el silencio tras la entrevista de Clinton no signifique que el debate ha terminado. El problema permanece. La tortura continuará. No dejemos de pensar y hablar sobre si el mal de la tortura es realmente un mal necesario.
Una propuesta contraria lo pueden leer en el siguiente link:
All totalitarian torture, all torture is totalitarian. Juan García Amado
The Book: John Langbein, Torture and the Law of Proof. This book analyzes the totura from the perspective of the law of evidence, specifically, as a mechanism to obtain evidence of the defendant in the course of a sentence. In the end, if not bad memory, it is concluded that this is not a reliable mechanism to gather evidence about a particular event, beyond the grave moral objections that would prevent applying this kind of acts against people.
See also: Torture and Plea Bargaining. John H. Langbein. The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol 46, No. 1 (Autumn, 1978), pp. 3-22. DAMASK, Mirjan. The death of legal torture. Yale Law Journal. Vol 87 860, 1978. Book review of Torture and the law of Proof.
What's interesting address torture, not only from a moral perspective, but from the perspective of the law of evidence (evidence), it allows us to assess whether this mechanism is a reliable means to obtain information about a particular event. Besides that I have moral objections against such a mechanism, I think not used to obtain reliable information.
Philosophically you can see the following links:
Http://gonzalogamio.blogspot.com/2007/12/eplogo-al-debate-sobre-los-griegos-y-el.html
http://eduardohernandonieto.blogspot.com/search/label/Griegos
http://eduardohernandonieto.blogspot.com/search/label/Griegos
Saturday, July 5, 2008
Antique Looking Plain Wrapping Paper
respirito Increase vegetables in the rainy season
The sectors most affected tomato, zucchini, cauliflower and brócoliEste weekend the price list of Consumer Guide has a strong upward trend in the price of vegetables, up over 50 cents (0.50 Bolivars) in items such as tomatoes, zucchini, cauliflower and broccoli.
wholesalers and retailers agree that this week the costs rose at an alarming rate for the winter. The rains have wasted many "cuts" or crops most sensitive items, in the sowing period and the time of collection.
For example, the basket of tomatoes in the wholesale market-content-approximately 20 kg was trading at 80 Bs, which only the greater would be around 4 Bs, excluding the profit margin from vendors. The same happens with the cauliflower and broccoli that are above the three bolivars wholesale, and lettuce seems to follow the same steps and increase their price to more than 4 Bs.F. The banana and cassava are keeping their prices for weeks, but the banana showed a significant increase due a drop in production and product input from the state of Zulia. This week is between 3.5 and 5 Bs, priced at more than 180 Bs.F the package.
However, the pope who until now had been an exaggerated tendency to rise, apparently took its toll on a stop and stalled between four and six Bs, depending on the type and quality. Last week he had noted an increase in a strong market bolivar city of San Cristobal, heavy rains and flooding in the Colombian coffee axis also finished with a large number of crops, but this week the entry of large numbers potato from the state of Merida caused prices to decline and remain as last week. While fruit prices had remained virtually unchanged for several weeks, this week some fruits showed a slight variation as papaya, that the presentation of papaya come to get even over the 4 Bs strong kilo, although Creole presentation can be found even at 2 Bs.F.Sin however, highlights the situation of the passion fruit.
addition to the production fell and many cuts were damaged by the rains, some vendors have chosen not to buy by the high prices that ultimately represent a loss to their businesses for its low weight and for being "pure shell "Constant change
Vendors and wholesalers agree that constant change, almost daily, prices, depending on climatic conditions and scarcity of the different items, has caused heavy losses to producers, because although production costs are constantly increase, especially in regard to the agro-must sometimes sell their goods at lower prices, for example, due to increased amounts of a product in the wholesale market. Wholesalers can not bill clarifies that not even one day in advance because doing so would represent losses to an excessive increase in the price of overnight 
The sectors most affected tomato, zucchini, cauliflower and brócoliEste weekend the price list of Consumer Guide has a strong upward trend in the price of vegetables, up over 50 cents (0.50 Bolivars) in items such as tomatoes, zucchini, cauliflower and broccoli.
wholesalers and retailers agree that this week the costs rose at an alarming rate for the winter. The rains have wasted many "cuts" or crops most sensitive items, in the sowing period and the time of collection.
For example, the basket of tomatoes in the wholesale market-content-approximately 20 kg was trading at 80 Bs, which only the greater would be around 4 Bs, excluding the profit margin from vendors. The same happens with the cauliflower and broccoli that are above the three bolivars wholesale, and lettuce seems to follow the same steps and increase their price to more than 4 Bs.F. The banana and cassava are keeping their prices for weeks, but the banana showed a significant increase due a drop in production and product input from the state of Zulia. This week is between 3.5 and 5 Bs, priced at more than 180 Bs.F the package.
However, the pope who until now had been an exaggerated tendency to rise, apparently took its toll on a stop and stalled between four and six Bs, depending on the type and quality. Last week he had noted an increase in a strong market bolivar city of San Cristobal, heavy rains and flooding in the Colombian coffee axis also finished with a large number of crops, but this week the entry of large numbers potato from the state of Merida caused prices to decline and remain as last week. While fruit prices had remained virtually unchanged for several weeks, this week some fruits showed a slight variation as papaya, that the presentation of papaya come to get even over the 4 Bs strong kilo, although Creole presentation can be found even at 2 Bs.F.Sin however, highlights the situation of the passion fruit.
addition to the production fell and many cuts were damaged by the rains, some vendors have chosen not to buy by the high prices that ultimately represent a loss to their businesses for its low weight and for being "pure shell "Constant change
Vendors and wholesalers agree that constant change, almost daily, prices, depending on climatic conditions and scarcity of the different items, has caused heavy losses to producers, because although production costs are constantly increase, especially in regard to the agro-must sometimes sell their goods at lower prices, for example, due to increased amounts of a product in the wholesale market. Wholesalers can not bill clarifies that not even one day in advance because doing so would represent losses to an excessive increase in the price of overnight
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